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October in our garden presents some real joys and challenges. Long after many gardens have quit producing, we'll still be harvesting tomatoes, peppers, kale, lettuce, cabbage, a few Sugar Snap peas where I watered the row most heavily, possibly some carrots if we get some rain and they mature in time, and a few late watermelons. I cut four baseball to softball sized main heads of broccoli yesterday in our East Garden, and there are nine more broccoli plants there forming heads. For some reason, I bought heavy cream at the grocery last week. Maybe I subconsciously knew some Cream of Broccoli soup was in the offing. Our fall cauliflower isn't heading yet. While the late harvests are a wonderful bonus, we also need to get those crops out of the way. We hope to fall till our garden plots this year. Most important are areas where we'll plant garlic later this month and where our early peas and brassicas will go next spring. Beyond getting those areas prepped, plant trash and mulch will need to be cleared and composted to deny insect pests places to overwinter. Clearing the remains of previous crops also helps prevent disease carryover. End of Season Gardening Chores tells of all the things I try to do at the end of each gardening season.
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Today wasn't a good day for gardening. I woke up with a very sore back and decided to watch TV with a heating pad on my back. Of course, the news was heartbreaking. Something must be done about gun control in our nation. Like most folks, I'd guess, I said several prayers for the families impacted by the shootings in Las Vegas last night. Not being physically able to do any serious work outside, I decided to go ahead and upgrade a remote, and I mean very remote, partition of an external drive on my Mac Mini to Apple's new operating system, macOS High Sierra (10.13). With its new file system, I didn't trust the update with any of my main drives. As it turned out, after a very long download, the installation went without a hitch. Of course, there were then all the third party updates to be installed, often with their own long download times. I also put together another external hard drive to back up my laptop. Since the laptop now carries a 2TB drive, I opted to replace my old 750GB backup drive with a brand new 6TB hard drive. I've had a small stack of computer parts in my office since a computer scare last winter. As it turned out, I was able to recover from those problems and pleasantly had some brand new components on hand to work with. The initial backup of the laptop took forever. With the Mini getting a new OS and the laptop chugging through a backup (and unable to connect to the Mini, which I also use as a file server), there wasn't much to do other than to keep my heating pad adjusted and watch TV. I think my sore back came from raking and moving all the mulch that had been under our failed planting of butternut squash to our compost pile. It involved raking, lots of bending, and transporting the mulch to the compost pile. This job was essential, though, as bugs, especially squash bugs, like to overwinter in heavy mulch. I have more of the same to do when our melon patch is finally done. But even on October 2, I'm not yet ready to pull our melon vines. I picked a dandy Picnic watermelon on Saturday that had great flavor. I credit the 90° F plus days we had last week with the good melon flavor. Granddaughter Katherine ate almost half of the watermelon all by herself. I'm rooting for a couple of Kleckley Sweets to ripen, as we've not had any of them for years. The raccoons usually get to the thin rind melons before they're fully ripe.
We still have lots of zinnias in bloom with many seed heads drying down on the plants that can be used for seed. Even so, I'll still buy a packet or two of zinnia seed for next spring. I try to add a little variety to the row each year. Thursday, October 5, 2017 - Rain!
The rotated out portion of our East Garden began filling in with volunteer buckwheat in September despite the droughty conditions. With our recent rain, I noticed today that the hairy winter vetch I seeded on September 3 has finally begun to germinate. I found myself saying, "So that's what hairy winter vetch looks like." Whether the vetch can survive the canopy the buckwheat may create is iffy. But whether we have buckwheat or vetch, we'll have something putting down roots to help prevent soil erosion over the winter. I filled seven or eight plastic grocery bags today with tomatoes. I also filled a five gallon bucket with culls, as there were lots of tomatoes with split tops and sides and a lot of bug damage. Our local food bank got the good tomatoes, although I didn't pick from our Earlirouge plants in our main garden. I'm sorta saving them for our next batch of Portuguese Kale Soup. Beyond a doubt, this is the best tomato harvest we've had in years. Of course, I have more plants out than usual, but their production, especially during a drought, has been amazing. It's been fun to share the bounty the Lord has provided with family, friends, and others. Saturday, October 7, 2017 - Apples!
I obviously wasn't regular enough with spraying our main apple tree, as we had lots of insect damage to the apples. A few of the good apples are eating quality, but the rest will need some bad spots cut out before we make them into applesauce. And all of the "good apples" had some sooty mold on them, guaranteeing that the tree will get a late spraying with fruit tree spray.
We picked up groundfalls first and later picked from the ground. We then employed a long-handled picking tool, also working from the bed of our pickup truck.
While the apples soaked, granddaughter Katherine feasted on tomatoes from our Earlirouge plants. She seems to love whatever is in season. After devouring tomatoes, Kat decided she wanted to pump and water stuff in the garden. Since the novelty of pumping water long ago wore off for me, I was happy to let her do so. Like washing your car, I guess her pumping had an effect on the weather, as we got another half inch of rain around sundown. We also picked three more watermelon today! I'm a bit amazed that we're getting good melons so late in the season. We picked two Picnic and one Ali Baba watermelon. Our frost date for this area is October 15. I see nothing in our extended forecast that suggests a frost any earlier than that. So we'll just keep gardening and enjoying the harvest until that killing frost arrives. Monday, October 9, 2017 - Whither Seed Savers I've been concerned about the direction of the Seed Savers Exchange for several years. Begun in 1975 as an organization dedicated to growing, saving, and sharing open pollinated seed varieties, SSE has expanded to many other commendable efforts...and apparently has forgotten its roots. In 2017, 404 listed members offered 15,272 unique varieties of open pollinated vegetables, fruits, grains, and such for sale through the member exchange and annual yearbook. While the offerings are impressive, those numbers and the Exchange's membership are both significantly down from previous years. The recent loss of over a thousand members could be attributed somewhat to an increase in membership fees and old guys like me dying off, but I think there's something else going on. One previous member recently told me that he shared my concerns about the direction of SSE and the way it has been run over the last decade. He quit a year or so after co-founder Kent Whealy was fired in 2007. He joked in a recent email, "Heck, I may join again just so I can send a scathing letter of resignation." As to why some seed saving and sharing members are frustrated, one only has to look at the content of the current Seed Savers Exchange home page. It's filled with offers for seed sales from SSE's catalog, requests for donations, entreaties to become a paid member of the organization, and self-congratulatory information about the goings on at SSE's home, the Heritage Farm. For an organization whose core was once member seed sharing, only two text links on the home page reference the member driven Seed Exchange. Having a few contacts through the Exchange, I was able to get in contact with their new Executive Director. While he took the time to talk to me for an hour about SSE and my concerns for it, I pretty quickly realized that he was just trying to pacify a grumpy old member. In the weeks after our phone conversation, none of my concerns, even the easy ones, had been addressed. He obviously didn't share my views. I fear that the de-emphasis of the member exchange is going to continue. I've called for the leadership of SSE to enthusiastically appreciate, support, and acknowledge those who have supported the organization for so many years. But right now, SSE continues to be all about seed sales, donations, and the Heritage Farm. Totally frustrated in my efforts to get a more balanced approach by SSE's leadership, I decided to try and contact all of the members of its Board of Directors. That's a bit difficult, as SSE doesn't share contact information, only accepting snail mail or email through one online form. And such contact may prove fruitless, as none of the current eleven board members are listed, seed saving and sharing members! Here's the letter I sent:
The next Board of Directors meeting for the Seed Savers Exchange won't occur until January, 2018. Whether my concerns will come up and be addressed then, I don't know. I'm hoping this posting resonates enough that SSE members will contact the organization and express their dismay with SSE's downgrading and de-emphasis of the member contributions that made the organization what it is today. Currently, responsibility for this issue lies directly at new Executive Director, Lee Buttala's feet and of the current Board of Directors, although it took a good many years for the de-emphasis to slowly evolve. If SSE members want their organization to continue to serve as a trusted repository for endangered varieties protected by members' seed saving, they need to contact the Exchange and express their views. Tuesday, October 10, 2017 - Applesauce
Our Granny Smith apples almost all had a good bit of bug damage, so I chose to make them into applesauce yesterday. Granddaughter Katherine and I had scrubbed the apples with a vegetable brush on Sunday, so they were clean and dry for the sauce making. Since we use our old Squeezo Strainer to separate out peels and seeds, preparation of the fruit only involved cutting up the apples and cutting out bad spots. I then heated the cut apples until soft and ran them through the Squeezo. By the time I had cleaned up the kitchen, it was getting late, so the applesauce went into the refrigerator overnight. I also had to soak the Squeezo's mesh screen in vinegar overnight to get it clean. Canning applesauce is pretty easy. It's an acid product, so one only has to water bath can pints for 15-20 minutes instead of a longer pressure canning procedure required by non-acid products. When done, we had seven and a half pints of applesauce canned for the pantry. I had also used up every last regular mouth pint jar we had, something that's not happened in the past. Rain We received around two inches of rain overnight and this morning. The rain spoils my excuse for not mowing, as our grass is already greening up. But we really need the rain. Our deep well pump had begun to make a sound at times that indicates that it's pumping air instead of water. The well has run dry once so far this summer, and we've come close a couple more times. The sun is getting steadily lower in the sky each day, but our remaining garden crops haven't seemed to get the message that their time is almost over. After two days of very slow mowing (due to not mowing for a full month during our annual mini-drought), I got back into our garden today.
Both broccoli and cauliflower have a strange growth habit. Once they begin to put on heads, they do it very quickly. A small head observed one day may be large and ready for cutting in just a day or two. While I've been pretty casual of late in checking our brassica rows in our East Garden, mainly for broccoli sideshoots, I'll now need to check the cauliflower every day to not miss any heads ready for harvest.
Another fall crop I'm going to have to watch closely are our fall carrots. I really thought I'd gotten them planted too late to make a crop. With our dry weather in July through September, the carrots didn't seem to put on much growth. Our carrot rows also suffered a bit from a cat mistaking the rows for a litter box, digging up a good part of one double row. But when I dug just a few carrots this afternoon, I found that they were about ready to come out. Wondering if the dry weather had affected the quality of the carrots, I sampled one and found it just as sweet as you'd expect a young carrot to be.
We now grow our Crispinos from saved seed, but our start for them came from Johnny's Selected Seeds. One of the superstars of our garden plots this year have been six Earlirouge tomato plants that stunted somewhat during an early season dry spell. Despite that setback, the plants have continued to produce an amazing amount of good tomatoes. I've sort of reserved the Earlirouges for special stuff, not giving a lot of them away. It's nice to be able to go out and pick deep red, delicious tomatoes for spaghetti sauce or a sandwich. I've also been saving the variety for our next batch of kale soup, but I'd better get it made before the tomatoes go over the hill. Even though we're currently loaded with good (90%+ germination tests) Earlirouge seed, I may save one more batch of Earlirouge seed this year. After having our plants decimated by blight last year, it's good to have a nice harvest of the variety this year. If you're interested in trying a delicious, medium sized, deep red, early and late tomato variety, we sell seed for them via the Seed Savers Exchange member exchange. Or, you can contact me directly to get some seed.
We tortured this poor variety for years, growing it in the lousy soil of our East Garden. When planted in the good soil of our main raised bed, the variety has overwhelmed us with lovely, ripe, red bell peppers. (Note, we have to add a bit of Maxicrop Soluble Seaweed Powder to the soil to grow good peppers in our garden. Evidently, there's something missing in our soil that peppers need and Maxicrop has.)
The light green plants in the the photo at right and below are volunteer buckwheat. I let some of our last planting go to seed before tilling it under. While I seeded the area to hairy winter vetch, the buckwheat seems to be overwhelming it. Only where I cut the buckwheat early is there a good stand of the vetch cover crop. But the buckwheat is really pretty to look at.
At the other end of the spectrum, our compost pile continues to grow with the vines and leaves of pulled plants. It got a covering today of grass clippings from today's mowing. When I let a couple of our dogs inside this week, they had an unusual, but familiar odor. After a few minutes, I recognized that they'd been laying on the compost pile for warmth and picked up the odor of the rotting garden vegetation. It's cool and rainy here today. While things were bone dry through most of the summer, we already have four inches of rain this month. I'm glad I finished up mowing yesterday. There probably won't be any outdoor gardening today, but I did have one photo yesterday that I didn't find a place to work into the posting. I took out our row of basil and parsley last week, opening up the south end of our main raised bed a good bit. The basil had been blooming furiously for weeks and the parsley had fared poorly during the dry weather, browning out a good bit. I had to really hunt to find some fresh sprigs of parsley last week when making spaghetti sauce. Since the basil had woody stems that won't break down well, those plants went onto our burn pile. The parsley went to the compost heap. Once I harden my heart and pull some flowers and lettuce, the south half of the bed will be ready to be renovated. I plan to plant garlic at the very end of the bed later this month or early in November. I like to work up the garlic area each year a week or two before planting. That will involve using a heavy garden fork to deeply turn in some peat moss, lime, and a bit of Muriate of Potash. Time and weather permitting, I'll go back and rototill the area before planting garlic. Having had a fabulous harvest of garlic this year, I have lots to choose from to plant. Another shot I didn't get worked into yesterday's posting was a beautiful evening sky from Friday evening. Tuesday, October 17, 2017 - More Portuguese Kale Soup
I started another batch of Portuguese Kale Soup last night. Since I've become somewhat intolerant to onions, I omitted them from this second batch of the soup, but compensated by using lots more garlic. I sauteed the garlic with chopped celery and carrots before adding them to three-fourths gallon of chicken and broth I'd saved a month ago. Then I added a bunch of fresh, whole, peeled tomatoes. It was a joy going out and picking fresh, blood red tomatoes for the soup in mid-October. Adding the tomatoes by count was out, as our Earlirouge plants have finally realized the season is about over and started ripening much smaller fruit than they did earlier in the season. I tried to add the equivalent of about two quarts of canned, whole tomatoes (but suspect I got in a good bit more). I also chopped one package of smoked sausage into our twelve quart kettle before letting the mixture warm overnight on low on our stove. Chopping the sausage into quarter to half inch pieces allows it to flavor the broth a bit more than larger chunks do.
The kettle was full before I got to adding potatoes. I cut potatoes, soaking them in salt water to prevent oxidation, and added them directly to the canning jars as I began putting up the first load. After putting eight pint jars of the soup in our pressure canner, there was enough room in the kettle to add potatoes to it...and eight quarts of soup still to can! This round of kale soup follows our published recipe in most of the ingredients, but certainly not in amounts. Since I didn't use commercial chicken broth this time around, ingredients from the grocery only included the chicken (that made the broth), celery, and the smoked sausage. Ingredients from our garden included the kale, of course, garlic, tomatoes, kidney beans, potatoes, green beans, peas, carrots, sweet corn, basil, and parsley. Late Update: We ended up canning 23 pints of the soup, although one jar didn't seal (and went into the fridge). Annie and I also had generous portions of kale soup for supper this evening. At Our First Frost Date We're now at our average first frost date, so anything more we harvest has to be considered a blessed bonus on top of an already pretty good gardening season. I'm slowly getting areas cleared for fall tilling. I pulled pea vines from our last trellis yesterday, but didn't get the T-posts pulled or the netting down. Slowing my cleanup efforts, besides a case of late season laziness, are crops we have that are still producing. They include tomatoes, peppers, watermelon, broccoli (sideshoots only now), cauliflower, kale, and lettuce. I'll have to get serious soon about clearing our East Garden, as I don't want to miss an opportunity to fall till it. It's clay soil dries out slowly. With all the rain we've had of late, it's possible the plot may stay too wet to till until the ground freezes. (But I'm definitely not complaining about the rain! Getaway Weekend
Also slowing my gardening efforts was a delightful trip to Indianapolis to take in the Arlo Guthrie Re-Generation Tour concert. The strange naming comes from Guthrie including a daughter and son in his performance. The show was great, although Guthrie didn't do his signature Alice's Restaurant. He did do many other old and new songs. Per our usual practice, we had dinner at the Bru Burger Bar, just a couple of hundred feet from the concert venue. And we made an overnight of it at a favorite bed and breakfast, the Nestle Inn. Little by little, I'm getting our garden plots cleared for winter. Today's job was harvesting, pulling, and composting all of our pepper plants. The peppers in the East Garden only contributed three or four small yellow peppers to the effort. But our six remaining Earliest Red Sweet plants in our main raised bed added enough red and green peppers to make eight gallons!
I had to be careful when dumping the pepper trash on the compost pile. Yellow jackets were all over the pile, probably drawn by the cull apples I dumped there. Apparently, I didn't get the apples buried well enough, but I'm glad we didn't have yellow jackets on the groundfalls around our apple trees this year. Other than some ratty lettuce and the flowers, only our fall carrots remain to be harvested from the main raised bed. I dug up one of the Dolvica storage carrots today and found its root to be just a little longer than my little finger nail. I knew when I seeded the variety that they probably didn't have enough growing days to make a crop. They're a 105 day variety, while the rest of our carrots are 50-75 day varieties. I probably won't dig the carrots tomorrow, as the guy who farms the ground next to us rolled in with his equipment around suppertime. They'll be creating clouds of dust for a day or two as they bring in the field corn. Monday, October 23, 2017 - Looks Like That First Frost Is Coming Soon
In years past, we've employed blankets, floating row covers, and Hot Kaps to extend our growing season past our first frost. After picking a wonderful, fully ripe seedless watermelon yesterday and a whole bunch of grape tomatoes, I'm now about willing to let the season go. Yes, I'll pick the last ripe tomatoes from our vines, but I'm not going to be picking bunches of green tomatoes to let them slowly ripen on a table (or rot) into something far less flavorful than mid-summer tomatoes. One of the glories of summer gardening is our liberal use of ripe, full flavored tomatoes. Once they're done, I'm pretty much off tomatoes until we have our first ripe tomatoes the next season. And yes, we're having BLTs for supper tonight with homegrown lettuce and tomatoes...possibly to celebrate another wonderful season of gardening. We're actually pretty lucky, as most of our fall crops have matured before a frost took them. We've enjoyed fresh lettuce, broccoli, and cauliflower long after many gardens have given out. Our continued harvest of tomatoes and peppers has been incredible. I keep pulling a few fresh carrots from our main garden bed for cooking, although we'll need to dig the carrot rows soon. And our bed of kale may come through the frosts a bit improved in flavor. As my wife, Annie, drove home from work, the sun came out and a rainbow appeared just as she got home. She stopped and grabbed several photos of it with her iPhone.
We have a wet, cold, blustery fall day today. But with frost possible tomorrow morning and/or Thursday, it was necessary to get our ripe and nearly ripe tomatoes picked today. Even though I was bundled up pretty well, I picked in spurts, coming inside frequently to warm up. I'm not sure how I'm going to manage when it really gets cold. One of my toughest jobs today was replacing the light bulbs that heat the cat and dog pens in our garage. I've gotten too fat to easily fit through the dog door! When I went back outside to pick tomatoes from our long row of caged plants in our East Garden, I thought to bring along a knife and bowl in case there might be any brassicas ready. I ended up cutting several heads of cauliflower, a bunch of broccoli sideshoots, and two heads of cabbage! The tomato plants there yielded only a dozen or so good tomatoes. We'll continue to harvest and enjoy fresh vegetables as long as the weather lets us. Then we'll be happy to step back and enjoy the change of seasons. Thursday, October 26, 2017 - One Tomato Row Out
I took advantage of the wonderful weather to take out our six Earlirouge tomato plants. They were in a narrow raised bed that needs to be prepared yet this fall for early peas next spring. I only found about a dozen ripe or almost ripe tomatoes to save while pulling the plants. Of course, we have eleven tomato plants still producing in our East Garden that will need to come out soon. I left the flowers at the ends of the Earlirouge row, as they're pretty and will come out quickly and easily when I'm ready to work the bed. The spent Earlirouge plants went onto our compost pile. It now has a Christmassy look with the green tomato plants and lots of very red peppers that I dumped there last week. The tomato and pepper cages from our main garden went into a corner of the field east of us. I don't have a better place to store the somewhat unwieldy cages. That's part of the reason I go the extra step when constructing them to apply a good coat or two of Rustoleum. Buckwheat
I noticed that we had a lot of honeybees visiting the buckwheat this afternoon. I'm guessing that there aren't all that many blooms still available to the bees this late in the season. Carrots With a long dry spell in much of August and September, our fall carrot crop is a bit small. I'm leaving the carrots in the ground as long as possible before digging them, hoping they'll fill out a bit with our current cool, but rather wet weather. A frost may take the tops of the carrot plants, but it also might make the roots a bit sweeter. About That First Frost We're not expecting a frost overnight tonight, but the current weather forecast for Saturday and Sunday mornings calls for lows of 31° F. Once that happens, I'll somewhat sadly begin pulling the last of our gorgeous flowers from our main garden and our East Garden. The cool weather of late has pretty well browned out our long row of zinnias in our East Garden. I'll need to get them cut or pulled soon, one of the downsides of growing a 40-80' row of zinnias each year. Saturday, October 28, 2017 - Corned Beef and Cabbage and Soda Bread
Not all was lost, though, as I'd brought home a corned beef roast yesterday to go with the cabbage I'd picked a few days ago. None of the groceries in Sullivan had any corned beef out this week, but a Terre Haute Kroger had plenty. I was in Terre Haute for my annual checkup with my heart surgeon (no problems found). I'm not Irish. I'm mostly a mutt of Scotch, English, and German descent. But my beautiful wife, Annie, is a Kennedy, an Irish Kennedy with a bit of Cherokee mixed in. And she truly loves corned beef and cabbage.
I also tried my hand at making soda bread for the first time to go with the corned beef and cabbage. Annie and a houseguest said the corned beef and cabbage was good. I'm not so sure, but everyone loved the soda bread. I think part of its goodness is that the recipe calls for it to be basted several times while baking with a butter and buttermilk baste. No Frost Yet We again missed getting frost this morning. But it appears that won't be the case tomorrow morning. Our morning low is predicted to be 30° F. One More Year Despite the problems we've experienced with our web host, things have improved enough that I renewed our service with Hostmonster for one more year. The single year package comes with premium pricing, but I wanted to be able to switch hosts if the problems we've had in the past reoccur. Tuesday, October 31, 2017 - October Wrap-up
Wet soil conditions prevented fall tilling to get areas of our garden ready for next season, but they also made pulling spent plants with well developed root systems a lot easier. Other than our bed of kale and some carrots, our main garden is now cleared of crops (but some flowers remain). Something we didn't get until this morning was our first frost/freeze of the fall. That allowed us to begin and end the month picking tomatoes and cutting broccoli. Other than that, we picked apples, lettuce, kale, peppers, and tomatoes through a good bit of the month. Contact Steve Wood, the at Senior Gardening
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